Which psychologist is known for studying behaviorism, especially the effects of reinforcement and punishment?

B.F. Skinner is the psychologist associated with behaviorism, specifically focusing on the principles of reinforcement and punishment. Skinner proposed that behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences, meaning that behaviors followed by positive outcomes (reinforcements) are more likely to occur again, while those followed by negative outcomes (punishments) are less likely to be repeated. His work laid the foundation for operant conditioning, a fundamental concept in behaviorist psychology.

Skinner's experiments with animals, particularly in controlled environments known as Skinner boxes, allowed him to empirically demonstrate how reinforcement could be used to shape behavior. This systematic approach to understanding how factors such as rewards and consequences affect behavior has been influential in a variety of fields, including education, psychology, and behavioral therapy.