Igneous rocks are primarily formed from which of the following materials?

Igneous rocks are predominantly formed from liquid volcanic rock, also known as magma or lava, which solidifies and crystallizes as it cools. When magma reaches the Earth's surface during volcanic eruptions, it is referred to as lava. As the lava cools, it can form various types of igneous rocks, such as basalt or granite, depending on its mineral composition and cooling rate. This process is fundamental to the rock cycle and highlights the role of molten material in building the Earth's crust through volcanic activity.

Other options represent different geological processes and types of rocks. Compacted sediment relates to the formation of sedimentary rocks, which are created from accumulated particles compressed over time. Transformed metamorphic material involves the alteration of existing rocks under heat and pressure, leading to metamorphic rocks. Weathered particles pertain to the erosion and weathering of rocks, contributing to sedimentary formations rather than the creation of igneous rocks. Understanding the origins of igneous rocks helps clarify the distinct differences between these rock types and their formation processes.