According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what do the physiological needs encompass?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs categorizes human needs into five levels, with physiological needs occupying the base of the pyramid. These physiological needs are fundamental for survival and include necessary elements such as food, water, shelter, air, and sleep. Without fulfilling these basic requirements, individuals are unable to focus on higher-level needs, such as safety, social belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Therefore, the correct identification of these physiological needs as basic survival needs highlights their critical role in overall human functioning and development, making them the foundation upon which other needs are built.